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Posts from the ‘Italy’ Category

Städtebau für Mussolini – Auf der Suche nach der neuen Stadt im faschistischen Italien

Book edited by Harald Bodenschatz

Authors: Harald Bodenschatz and Daniela Spiegel, with contributions by Uwe Altrock, Lorenz Kirchner und Ursula von Petz

552 pages, 680 illustrations

DOM publishers: Berlin 2022 (2nd extended edition)

Harald Bodenschatz, Technische Universität Berlin, harald.bodenschatz@tu-berlin.de

In Italien wird das städtebauliche Erbe der Mussolini-Zeit heute weitgehend wertgeschätzt. Nahezu jeder Stil, jedes bauliche Produkt und jeder Architekt dieser Zeit hat seine würdigende, ja oft bewundernde Publikation erhalten. Zahlreiche Ausstellungen riefen das »grandiose« Erbe dieser Zeit, so die oft gebrauchte Wortwahl, in Erinnerung. So allgegenwärtig das städtebauliche Erbe der Diktatur in Italien ist, so wenig ist es in Deutschland – jenseits der Zirkel einiger Spezialisten – bekannt. Auch in den Überblickswerken des europäischen Städtebaus wird es bis heute in der Regel ignoriert. Dieser Band bietet einen systematischen Überblick über den Städtebau der Mussolini-Diktatur auf der Grundlage zahlreicher, wenig bekannter Abbildungen, und er interpretiert diesen Städtebau neu, insbesondere mit Blick auf den Städtebau der anderen Diktaturen der Zwischenkriegszeit. Im Zentrum stehen die städtebaulichen Debatten und Projekte im Großraum von Rom und in den trockengelegten Pontinischen Sümpfen südöstlich von Rom. Daneben werden Projekte in anderen Städten und im »italienischen Ausland«, den damaligen Kolonien, vorgestellt.

Das Buch ist Teil einer jahrzehntelangen Forschung des Herausgebers zu Städtebau und Diktatur in Europa, die mit der Sowjetunion Stalins begann und auch Salazars Portugal und Francos Spanien umfasste.

Book reviews

Oliver G. Hamm, BauNetz, 23.11.2022, www.baunetz.de/meldungen/Meldungen-Auf_der_Suche_nach_der_neuen_Stadt_im_faschistischen_Italien_8091148.html

Rainer K. Wick, Portal Kunstgeschichte, 11.01.2023, www.portalkunstgeschichte.de/meldung/harald_bodenschatz_daniela_spieg-8697.html

CITTÀ DI FONDAZIONE. Comunità politiche e storia sociale

Book edited by Simone Misiani, Renato Sansa and Fabrizio Vistoli. 284 pages, Franco Angeli: Milan 2020

Prof. Simone Misiani, Osservatorio Geopolitico Internazionale sulle Città di Fondazione, smisiani@unite.it

More information on the book > CITTÀ DI FONDAZIONE. Comunità politiche e storia sociale

The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: Reception and Legacy

Book edited by Kay Bea Jones and Stephanie Pilat. 567 pages, New York: Routledge, 2020

Harald Bodenschatz, Technische Universität Berlin, harald.bodenschatz@tu-berlin.de

“Today, nearly a century after the National Fascist Party came to power in Italy, questions about the built legacy of the regime provoke polemics among architects and scholars. Mussolini’s government constructed thousands of new buildings across the Italian Peninsula and islands and in colonial territories. From hospitals, post offices and stadia to housing, summer camps, Fascist Party Headquarters, ceremonial spaces, roads, railways and bridges, the physical traces of the regime have a presence in nearly every Italian town.

The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture investigates what has become of the architectural and urban projects of Italian fascism, how sites have been transformed or adapted and what constitutes the meaning of these buildings and cities today. The essays include a rich array of new arguments by both senior and early career scholars from Italy and beyond. They examine the reception of fascist architecture through studies of destruction and adaptation, debates over reuse, artistic interventions and even routine daily practices, which may slowly alter collective understandings of such places. Paolo Portoghesi sheds light on the subject from his internal perspective, while Harald Bodenschatz situates Italy among period totalitarian authorities and their symbols across Europe. Section editors frame, synthesize and moderate essays that explore fascism’s afterlife; how the physical legacy of the regime has been altered and preserved and what it means now. This critical history of interpretations of fascist-era architecture and urban projects broadens our understanding of the relationships among politics, identity, memory and place.

This companion will be of interest to students and scholars in a range of fields, including Italian history, architectural history, cultural studies, visual sociology, political science and art history.”

Re-Inhabiting Cold War NATO Bases – Valorization and Reuse of the NATO Base West Star (Site B)

International Summer School
University of Brescia, Italy
September 9th – 15th 2019

Eliana Perotti, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, eliana.perotti@gta.arch.ethz.ch

 

Info:
olivia.longo@unibs.it
http://issre-incowanaba.unibs.it

Download Flyer > Re-Inhabiting Cold War NATO Bases – Valorization and Reuse of the NATO Base West Star (Site B)

 

Universitätsarchitektur und Diktatur – Eine europäische Perspektive

Lecture by Harald Bodenschatz
Open Lecture Series “Bauen für die Wissenschaft” (Technische Universität Berlin)
Thursday, May 16, 2019, 6 pm
Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, HS 1072

Harald Bodenschatz, Technische Universität Berlin, harald.bodenschatz@tu-berlin.de

Neue Universitätsstädte waren ein zentrales Thema des Städtebaus im 20. Jahrhundert, in Europa, vor allem aber auch in den USA. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit auf den Bau neuer Universitätsstädte legten die europäischen Diktaturen der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Die città universitaria in Rom ist zweifellos das bekannteste Beispiel einer solchen Neugründung. Universitätsstädte werden in der europäischen Städtebaugeschichtsschreibung bis heute oft übersehen, vor allem der Bau von Universitätsstädten in diktatorischen Systemen. Universitätsstädte scheinen nicht in das verbreitete Bild von Diktaturen zu passen, die oft als rückwärtsgewandt, antimodern, stagnierend, als Totengräber der Wissenschaften gezeichnet werden. Eine solche Sichtweise verkennt den Charakter der Diktaturen. Für die Durchsetzung ihrer Programme, ihrer Wege zur Modernisierung waren sie auf Experten dringend angewiesen, möglichst auf Experten, die nicht mehr aus der Zeit vor den Diktaturen stammten.

Download invitation > Bodenschatz_Universitätsarchitektur und Diktatur

Technische Hochschule von Lissabon_Bodenschatz

Technische Hochschule von Lissabon (Instituto Superior Técnico), von Pardal Monteiro geplant und errichtet 1928 bis 1937. Foto Harald Bodenschatz, 2012, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Progetti abitativi a Venezia, 1922-1939. Prodotti e condizioni di produzione dell’edilizia abitativa durante il fascismo italiano

Tesi di laurea di Jannik Noeske
Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Titolo originale „Venedigs Wohnbauprojekte 1922-1939. Produkte und Produktionsverhältnisse des Wohnungsbaus im italienischen Faschismus“
Corso di laurea „Bachelor Urbanistik“, 2017

Jannik Noeske, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, jannik.noeske@uni-weimar.de

Durante il periodo a cavallo tra le due guerre, la famosa città storica di Venezia ha subìto profondi cambiamenti. Accanto alla realizzazione di progetti edilizi culturali e infrastrutturali, troviamo anche l’edificazione di quartieri residenziali. Questa tesi di laurea esamina quattro progetti abitativi eseguiti durante il ventennio fascista. Questi sono: Sant’Elena, costruito dal 1923 nella parte sud-orientale della città lagunare; Santa Marta, edificato al contempo nella parte industriale a sud-ovest; San Girolamo, quartiere minore e semplice, eretto nella parte nord-occidentale a partire dal 1929; la Celestia, ultimo quartiere costruito prima della caduta del regime, influenzato dalla razionalizzazione dell’edilizia abitativa alla fine degli anni ‘30. Per l’esecuzione di tutti i progetti fu responsabile l’istituto per le case popolari Venezia (IACP).

Un punto cardine del lavoro di ricerca è costituito dall’analisi delle condizioni di produzione dell’urbanistica e dell’edilizia abitativa durante questi anni. A tale scopo, non sarebbe bastato rivolgere unicamente l’attenzione allo sviluppo economico, urbanistico e culturale della città di Venezia – e in particolare della città lagunare, divenuta «centro storico» a causa dell’espansione industriale e amministrativa verso la terraferma. Nei progetti analizzati è possibile, infatti, riscontrare l’influenza del regime fascista, ma anche dei gruppi sociali che da esso hanno tratto vantaggio, sullo sviluppo urbano e sulla politica abitativa in Italia. Vengono pertanto esaminate le politiche dell’economia abitativa e della modernizzazione edilizia, come anche le politiche sociali del governo fascista. A causa di evidenti contraddizioni, in quegli anni non fu possibile portare avanti una politica urbana coerente. In questo ebbero un ruolo fondamentale i piani risalenti al periodo prefascista, che venivano implementati durante la dittatura, attori prettamente interessati al contesto locale e priorità economiche.

Viene preso in considerazione, non da ultimo, il contesto europeo nel quale nacquero questi quartieri. Come vennero presentati al pubblico internazionale? Quali furono le reti e le piattaforme che influenzarono la produzione di edilizia abitativa a Venezia tra il 1922 e il 1939?

Venedigs Wohnbauprojekte 1922-1939. Produkte und Produktionsverhältnisse des Wohnungsbaus im italienischen Faschismus

In den Zwischenkriegsjahren erfuhr die weltbekannte Altstadt von Venedig zahlreiche Veränderungen. Nicht nur kulturelle und infrastrukturelle Bauprojekte wurden durchgeführt, es entstanden auch Wohngebiete. Die Abschlussarbeit untersucht vier Quartiere, die zur Zeit des faschistischen Regimes in der Altstadt von Venedig realisiert wurden. Das sind Sant’Elena, ab 1923 im Südosten der lagunaren Altstadt errichtet und Santa Marta, zeitgleich im industriellen Südwesten gebaut sowie San Girolamo, ein kleines und einfaches Wohngebiet im Nordwesten, das ab 1929 entstand und Celestia, als letztes der Gebiete schon deutlich von Rationalisierungsbestrebungen geprägt und erst Ende der 1930er Jahre errichtet. Für alle diese Wohngebiete zeichnet sich das Istituto autonomo per le case popolari Venezia verantwortlich.

Ein besonderes Augenmerk wurde dabei auf die Produktionsverhältnisse der Stadtentwicklung und des Wohnungsbaus dieser Jahre gelegt. Hierfür waren nicht nur die wirtschaftliche, städtebauliche und kulturelle Entwicklung der Stadt Venedig – und hier besonders die Rolle der Altstadt – von Bedeutung, die durch die Erweiterung der industriellen Funktionen und administrativen Grenzen auf das Festland erst zum centro storico wurde. Auch der Einfluss des faschistischen Regimes und seiner Profiteure auf die Stadtentwicklungs- und Wohnungspolitik in Italien hat seine Spuren in den Wohngebieten hinterlassen. Hier werden die wohnungswirtschaftlichen, die modernisierungspolitischen und die sozialen Politiken der faschistischen Regierung analysiert. Im Spannungsfeld von fortgeführten Planungen aus vorfaschistischer Zeit, lokal geprägten und fokussierten Akteuren oder wirtschaftlichen Prioritäten konnte dabei keine kongruente Politik ausgebildet werden.

Nicht zuletzt wird auch der europäische Kontext betrachtet, in dem die Wohngebiete entstanden sind. Wie wurden sie vor internationalem Publikum präsentiert und was waren die Netzwerke und Plattformen, die den Wohnungsbau in Venedig zwischen 1922 und 1939 geprägt haben?

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Townscapes in transition. Transformation and reorganization of Italian cities and their architecture in the interwar period

38th annual conference of the American Association for Italian Studies (AAIS)
Sant’Anna Institute, Sorrento, June 14, 2018Session 24

Luigi Monzo, University of Innsbruck, luigi.monzo@uibk.ac.at
Carmen M. Enss, University of Bamberg, carmen.enss@uni-bamberg.de

Social change after WW I led to an accelerated change in the built environment. Within a broad stylistic scope of architectural and urban design projects, the structural ›DNA‹ of Italian historic cities offered a basic planning guideline. Historic paradigms determined not only trends in conservation but guided new approaches to architecture as well as urban and landscape design. The result was not a single strategy to ensure continuity in urban planning and architecture, but a multiplicity of formal principles and trends. The session proposes to clarify what methods Italian architects and urban planners used to take possession of a ‘Roman’ or ‘Italian’ building and planning tradition, and how they accommodated it to the modernization of their country.

The conference languages are Italian and English.

AAIS_2018_ss24_008 [o]

 

Modernism, modernisation and the rural landscape

Call for papers,
MODSCAPES_conference2018
10-13 JUNE 2018 (Tartu, Estonia)

Simon Bell, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Simon.Bell@emu.ee
Axel Fisher, Université Libre de Bruxelles, axel.fisher@ulb.ac.be
Vittoria Capresi, Technische Universität Berlin, vittoria.capresi@tu-berlin.de

The impact of the Modern Movement and modernisation processes on rural landscapes in Europe and beyond is a widespread but little known, recognised or understood phenomenon which still exerts effects today. Within the third joint research programme of HERA (Humanities in the European Research Area) dedicated to “The uses of the past” which started in 2016, this subject is now being studied through several lenses within the MODSCAPES project.

Read more > MODSCAPES_conference2018

KEY DATES:

Abstracts should be submitted by January 7 2018 (23:59@EET) to the conference management system (via submission Platform https://modscapes.emu.ee/openconf.php).

Abstracts will be double peer reviewed and decisions on acceptance, rejection or revision will be sent out by February 9 2018.

Revised abstracts should be submitted by February 19 2018

Full paper text should be submitted by March 31 2018

Papers will be double peer reviewed and decisions on acceptance or revision will be sent out by April 30 2018

Final papers should be submitted by May 14 2018

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Padise Kindergarten (Estonia). Architect: Anastasja Varus, 1970ies-80ies. Source: Museum of Estonian Architecture, Eesti Arhitektuurimuuseum (EAM Fk 7801)

Townscapes in transition. Transformation and reorganization of Italian cities and their architecture in the interwar period

Call for papers,
Amercian Association for Italian Studies
AAIS – Annual Conference / Session 24

Luigi Monzo, University of Innsbruck, info@luigimonzo.de

Social change after WWI led to an accelerated change in the built environment. Within a broad stylistic scope of architectural and urban design projects, the structural ‘DNA‘ of Italian historic cities offered a basic planning guideline. Historic paradigms determined not only trends in conservation but guided new approaches to architecture as well as urban and landscape design. The result was not a single strategy to ensure continuity in urban planning and architecture, but a multiplicity of formal principles and trends. The session proposes to clarify what methods Italian architects and urban planners used to take possession of a ‘Roman’ or ‘Italian’ building and planning tradition, and how they accommodated it to the modernization of their country.

Please submit via email a 200-250-word abstract of the presentation, a brief biographical note and affiliation to Luigi Monzo (info@luigimonzo.de) by December 30, 2017. Please comply with conference guidelines: https://aais.wildapricot.org/conference_guidelines.

The conference languages are Italian and English.
Session organizers and chairs:

Luigi Monzo, University of Innsbruck (Austria)
Email: info@luigimonzo.de

Carmen M. Enss, University of Bamberg (Germany)
Email: carmen.enss@uni-bamberg.de

Download call for papers: AAIS_2018_Panel-24_CFP_v2.0_web

Paniconi_Fiuggi_Landschaftsplan_AA_V_1933_s327_high_q

Mario Paniconi: landscape plan for Fiuggi. Source: Architettura 1933, p. 327

Beauty and Crime – Asmara (Eritrea) in the UNESCO’s World Heritage List

Harald Bodenschatz, Technische Universität Berlin, harald.bodenschatz@tu-berlin.de
Piero Sassi, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, piero.sassi@uni-weimar.de

Asmara_Ausstellung_Bodenschatz_2012

By drawing, children and youngsters deal with the Italian built heritage in Asmara. The exhibition “Asmara. Afrikas heimliche Hauptstadt der Moderne” (Munich 2012) presented the impressive drafts. Photograph: Harald Bodenschatz, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Last week the city of Asmara, Eritrea, was added to the UNESCO’s World Heritage List. A great news. From now on the city and its architectural and urbanism legacy will be better preserved for the coming generations. An increasing attention will be drawn to the city and its built heritage. But what is the message behind Asmara’s new UNESCO designation?

UNESCO’s explanatory statement is: “[Asmara] is an exceptional example of early modernist urbanism at the beginning of the 20th century and its application in an African context.” Such a motivation is insufficient and shows meaningful deficits both in the argumentation concerning the urbanism product and in the explication of the production conditions under which the World Heritage was built.

Asmara is presented as an example of „early modernist urbanism“. Indeed, a part of its architectural legacy can be considered as belonging to the rationalism, but not its urban design. Asmara distinguishes itself through its combination of (frequent) modern architecture and traditional urban design. This combination can also explain – to a certain extent – Asmara’s attractiveness nowadays.

UNESCO’s summary doesn’t consider the reasons and actors. The description mentions the “Italian colonial power”, but neglects racist and segregating ideas behind Asmara’s urban design and architecture. The fact that Asmara was built as a part of the expansion programme of Fascist Italy in Eastern Africa, a deciding aspect, is here completely forgotten. The city was supposed to become a “bridge head” for Abyssinia’s aggression (1935/1936) and part of the Fascist Empire, proclaimed in 1936. In that cruel war, condemned by the League of Nations, fascist troops made also use of poison gas.

In our opinion, UNESCO has not just the responsibility to motivate its designations to World Heritage by looking at the form, but also, in doing so, to enrich the knowledge about the background of its heritage. In the case of Asmara, this is not fulfilled. This aspect becomes even more clear when reading the press commentaries of the last days. By commenting the new UNESCO designation, they were enthusiastic about Asmara’s wonderful architecture, but they completely neglected to mention the war crimes that paved the way to its construction.

Thus, we think it is misleading to aknowledge the value of Asmara’s built heritage without discussing the dictatorial production conditions that made its implementation possible. Therefore, we hope that the UNESCO designation will become a chance to consider the construction of Asmara as a part of the imperial and criminal project of the Italian dictatorship. This would be a significant step towards a critical discussion of this forgotten chapter of 20th Century European history.

UNESCO official description (UNESCO page)
Asmara: a Modernist City of Africa

Located at over 2000 metres above sea level, the capital of Eritrea developed from the 1890’s onwards as a military outpost for the Italian colonial power. After 1935, Asmara underwent a large scale programme of construction applying the Italian rationalist idiom of the time to governmental edifices, residential and commercial buildings, churches, mosques, synagogues, cinemas, hotels, etc. The property encompasses the area of the city that resulted from various phases of planning between 1893 and 1941, as well as the indigenous unplanned neighbourhoods of Arbate Asmera and Abbashawel. It is an exceptional example of early modernist urbanism at the beginning of the 20th century and its application in an African context.